Leucemia
Leucemia
La leucemia es un tumor maligno o sea un tipo de cáncer originado en la médula ósea que es el órgano que se encuentra en la parte central esponjosa de los huesos y normalmente produce las células de la sangre: glóbulos rojos, glóbulos blancos (que a su vez se dividen en neutrófilos y linfocitos) y plaquetas.
El rápido crecimiento descontrolado y desordenado de dichas células se llama leucemia aguda lo que lleva a una acumulación de células inmaduras no funcionales en la médula ósea y en la sangre periférica o sea no se pueden producir células normales, esto produce anemia por falta de glóbulos rojos,infecciones por falta de glóbulos blancos y sangrado por falta de plaquetas.
No se conoce exactamente las causas, ni existe ninguna forma de prevenirla. Las leucemias agudas se clasifican en: mieloides y linfoides de acuerdo al tipo de células involucradas.
En los últimos 50 años la ciencia médica ha desarrollado tratamientos cada vez mas efectivos para los pacientes con leucemia que incluyen nuevas drogas, anticuerpos monoclonales, tratamiento de soporte como transfusiones y antibióticos, así como el trasplante de células progenitoras periféricas comúnmente conocido como trasplante de médula ósea.
En los últimos 50 años la ciencia médica ha desarrollado tratamientos cada vez mas efectivos para los pacientes con leucemia que incluyen nuevas drogas, anticuerpos monoclonales, tratamiento de soporte como transfusiones y antibióticos, así como el trasplante de células progenitoras periféricas comúnmente conocido como trasplante de médula ósea.
Se estima que hay aproximadamente 3000 casos nuevos por año en la Argentina. La leucemia se puede contraer a cualquier edad . La leucemia mieloide aguda es la más frecuente en adultos y aparece generalmente en pacientes mayores de 60 años.
La leucemia aguda es el cáncer más común en niños y la leucemia linfoblástica aguda representa el 80% de todos los casos de leucemia a esa edad. Algunos síntomas de la leucemia son similares a otras enfermedades mas comunes y de menor gravedad; se necesitan análisis de sangre específicos y estudios de médula ósea para realizar el diagnóstico.
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